NDLI: Reflux Pool-boiler As A Eieat-transport Device For Stirling Engines: On-sun Test Program Results

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Andraka, C.E. Moreno, J.B. Diver, R.B. Ginn, W.C. Dudley, V. Rawlinson, K.S.
Copyright Year	1990
Description	Author affiliation: Sandia National Laboratories (Andraka, C.E.)
Abstract	The efficient operation of a Stirling engine requires the application of a high beat flux to the relatively small area occupied by the beater head tubes. Previous attempts to couple solar energy to Stirling engines generally involved directly illuminating the heater head tubes with concentrated sunlight. In this study, operation of a 75-kw/sub t/ sodium reflux pool-boiler solar receiver has been demonstrated and its performance characterized on Sandia's nominal 75-kW, parabolic-dish concentrator, using a cold-water gas-gap calorimeter to simulate Stirling engine operation. The pool boiler (and more generally liquid-metal reflux receivers) supplies heat to the engine in the form of latent beat released from condensation of the metal vapor on the heater head tubes. The advantages of the pool boiler include uniform tube temperature, leading to longer life and higher temperature available to the engine, and decoupling of the design of the solar absorber from the engine heater head. Ile two-phase system allows high input thermal flux, reducing the receiver size and losses, therefore improving system efficiency. The receiver efficiency was about 90% when operated at Ml power and 800'C. Stable sodium boiling was promoted by the addition of 35 equally spaced artificial cavities in the wetted absorber surface. High incipient boiling superheats following cloud transients were suppressed actively by varying the thermal lead on the receiver, and passively by the addition of small amounts of xenon gas to the receiver volume. Stable boiling without excessive incipient boiling superheats was observed under all operating conditions. The receiver design is reported here along with test results including transient operations, steady-state performance evaluation, operation at various temperatures, and x-ray studies of the boiling behavior. Also reported are a first-order cost analysis, plans for future studies, and the integration of the receiver with a Stirling Thermal Motors STM4-120 Stirling engine.
Starting Page	274
Ending Page	280
File Size	822415
Page Count	7
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0816904901
DOI	10.1109/IECEC.1990.747963
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1990-08-12
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Stirling engines Testing Heat engines Solar heating Temperature Boilers Costs Laboratories Space heating Solar energy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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