NDLI: Face synthesis and recognition from a single image under arbitrary unknown lighting using a spherical harmonic basis morphable model

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Zhang, L. Wang, S. Samaras, D.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of Comput. Sci., State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY, USA (Zhang, L.; Wang, S.; Samaras, D.)
Abstract	Understanding and modifying the effects of arbitrary illumination on human faces in a realistic manner is a challenging problem both for face synthesis and recognition. Recent research demonstrates that the set of images of a convex Lambertian object obtained under a wide variety of lighting conditions can be approximated accurately by a low-dimensional linear subspace using spherical harmonics representation. Morphable models are statistical ensembles of facial properties such as shape and texture. In this paper, we integrate spherical harmonics into the morphable model framework, by proposing a 3D spherical harmonic basis morphable model (SHBMM) and demonstrate that any face under arbitrary unknown lighting can be simply represented by three low-dimensional vectors: shape parameters, spherical harmonic basis parameters and illumination coefficients. We show that, with our SHBMM, given one single image under arbitrary unknown lighting, we can remove the illumination effects from the image (face "delighting") and synthesize new images under different illumination conditions (face "re-lighting"). Furthermore, we demonstrate that cast shadows can be detected and subsequently removed by using the image error between the input image and the corresponding rendered image. We also propose two illumination invariant face recognition methods based on the recovered SHBMM parameters and the de-lit images respectively. Experimental results show that using only a single image of a face under unknown lighting, we can achieve high recognition rates and generate photorealistic images of the face under a wide range of illumination conditions, including multiple sources of illumination.
Sponsorship	IEEE Comput. Soc
Starting Page	209
Ending Page	216
File Size	1288393
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0769523722
ISSN	10636919
DOI	10.1109/CVPR.2005.152
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-06-20
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Face recognition Image recognition Lighting Humans Face detection Image generation Shape Rendering (computer graphics) Image databases Computer science
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software

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