NDLI: Devanagari Text Recognition: A Transcription Based Formulation

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Sankaran, N. Neelappa, A. Jawahar, C.V.
Copyright Year	2013
Description	Author affiliation: Int. Inst. of Inf. Technol., Hyderabad, India (Sankaran, N.; Neelappa, A.; Jawahar, C.V.)
Abstract	Optical Character Recognition (OCR) problems are often formulated as isolated character (symbol) classification task followed by a post-classification stage (which contains modules like Unicode generation, error correction etc.) to generate the textual representation, for most of the Indian scripts. Such approaches are prone to failures due to (i) difficulties in designing reliable word-to-symbol segmentation module that can robustly work in presence of degraded (cut/fused) images and (ii) converting the outputs of the classifiers to a valid sequence of Unicodes. In this paper, we propose a formulation, where the expectations on these two modules is minimized, and the harder recognition task is modelled as learning of an appropriate sequence to sequence translation scheme. We thus formulate the recognition as a direct transcription problem. Given many examples of feature sequences and their corresponding Unicode representations, our objective is to learn a mapping which can convert a word directly into a Unicode sequence. This formulation has multiple practical advantages: (i) This reduces the number of classes significantly for the Indian scripts. (ii) It removes the need for a reliable word-to-symbol segmentation. (ii) It does not require strong annotation of symbols to design the classifiers, and (iii) It directly generates a valid sequence of Unicodes. We test our method on more than 6000 pages of printed Devanagari documents from multiple sources. Our method consistently outperforms other state of the art implementations.
Starting Page	678
Ending Page	682
File Size	587061
Page Count	5
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9780769549996
ISSN	15205363
DOI	10.1109/ICDAR.2013.139
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-08-25
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Optical character recognition software Training Hidden Markov models Accuracy Image segmentation Degradation Character recognition BLSTM OCR Devanagari
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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