NDLI: The vMatrix: server switching

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Awadallah, A. Rosenblum, M.
Copyright Year	2004
Description	Author affiliation: Comput. Syst. Lab., Stanford Univ., CA, USA (Awadallah, A.; Rosenblum, M.)
Abstract	Today most Internet services are pre-assigned to servers statically, hence preventing us from doing real-time sharing of a pool of servers across as group of services with dynamic load. Fluidly copying services in and out of servers remains a challenge due to the many dependencies that such services have on software, hardware, and most importantly, people. In this paper we present a novel solution, which builds on top of the classic operating systems concept of a virtual machine monitor (VMM). A VMM allows us to encapsulate the state of the machine in a virtual machine file, which could then be activated on any real machine running the VHM software. This eliminates the software dependencies problem by allowing us to move the whole machine around including the operating system, libraries, and third party modules that the service depends on. It eliminates the hardware dependencies problem by allowing us to mimic the hardware that the service expects regardless of the real hardware of the hosting machine. It also solves the people dependency problem by presenting the developers and system administrators with the same isolation model that they are used too with statically allocated servers. We describe our vMatrix framework in detail and address how to load balance the virtual machine services across the real-machines to maximize utilization efficiency (in terms of machines and people costs) such that total cost of the system is reduced without degrading the service performance and without requiring cost prohibitive code and architectural changes to existing legacy services. Our solution also offers additional side benefits like on-demand replication for absorbing flash crowds (in case of a newsworthy event like a major catastrophe) and faster failure recovery times.
Sponsorship	IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Distributed Processing
Starting Page	110
Ending Page	118
File Size	1102795
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0769521185
DOI	10.1109/FTDCS.2004.1316601
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2004-05-28
Publisher Place	China
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Web server Hardware Costs Operating systems Virtual machining Web and internet services Fluid dynamics Virtual machine monitors Software libraries Degradation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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