NDLI: Communication via eye blinks - detection and duration analysis in real time

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Grauman, K. Betke, M. Gips, J. Bradski, G.R.
Copyright Year	2001
Description	Author affiliation: AI Lab., MIT, MA, USA (Grauman, K.)
Abstract	A method for a real-time vision system that automatically detects a user's eye blinks and accurately measures their durations is introduced. The system is intended to provide an alternate input modality to allow people with severe disabilities to access a computer. Voluntary long blinks trigger mouse clicks, while involuntary short blinks are ignored. The system enables communication using "blink patterns:" sequences of long and short blinks which are interpreted as semiotic messages. The location of the eyes is determined automatically through the motion of the user's initial blinks. Subsequently, the eye is tracked by correlation across time, and appearance changes are automatically analyzed in order to classify the eye as either open or closed at each frame. No manual initialization, special lighting, or prior face detection is required. The system has been tested with interactive games and a spelling program. Results demonstrate overall detection accuracy of 95.61% and an average rate of 28 frames per second.
Sponsorship	IEEE Comput. Soc. Tech. Committee on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence
File Size	1242988
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0769512720
ISSN	10636919
DOI	10.1109/CVPR.2001.990641
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2001-12-08
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Computer vision Mice Eyes Real time systems Infrared detectors Image analysis Computer interfaces Keyboards Educational institutions Artificial intelligence
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Software

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