NDLI: Compiler managed dynamic instruction placement in a low-power code cache

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ravindran, R.A. Nagarkar, P.D. Dasika, G.S. Marsman, E.D. Senger, R.M. Mahlke, S.A. Brown, R.B.
Copyright Year	2005
Description	Author affiliation: Dept. of EECS, Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI, USA (Ravindran, R.A.; Nagarkar, P.D.; Dasika, G.S.; Marsman, E.D.; Senger, R.M.; Mahlke, S.A.)
Abstract	Modern embedded microprocessors use low power on-chip memories called scratch-pad memories to store frequently executed instructions and data. Unlike traditional caches, scratch-pad memories lack the complex tag checking and comparison logic, thereby proving to be efficient in area and power. In this work, we focus on exploiting scratch-pad memories for storing hot code segments within an application. Static placement techniques focus on placing the most frequently executed portions of programs into the scratch-pad. However, static schemes are inherently limited by not allowing the contents of the scratch-pad memory to change at run time. In a large fraction of applications, the instruction memory footprints exceed the scratch-pad memory size, thereby limiting the usefulness of the scratch-pad. We propose a compiler managed dynamic placement algorithm, wherein multiple hot code sequences, or traces, are overlapped with each other in the scratch-pad memory at different points in time during execution. Special copy instructions are provided to copy the traces into the scratch-pad memory at run-time. Using a power estimate, the compiler initially selects the most frequent traces in an application for relocation into the scratch-pad memory. Through iterative code motion and redundancy elimination, copy instructions are inserted in infrequently executed regions of the code. For a 64-byte code cache, the compiler managed dynamic placement achieves an average of 64% energy improvement over the static solution in a low-power embedded microcontroller.
Starting Page	179
Ending Page	190
File Size	631683
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISBN	076952298X
DOI	10.1109/CGO.2005.13
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-03-20
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Dynamic compiler Hardware Energy consumption Microprocessors Energy management Software maintenance Switches Educational institutions Data engineering Power engineering and energy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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