NDLI: Nickel-cadmium batteries for energy storage applications

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	McDowall, J.
Copyright Year	1999
Description	Author affiliation: Saft Adv. & Ind. Battery Group, North Haven, CT, USA (McDowall, J.)
Abstract	Battery energy storage (BES) is a catchall term describing an emerging market that uses batteries to support the electric power supply. BES may be implemented by an electricity provider or by an end user, and the battery duty cycle may vary considerably from application to application. For example, longer-duration capacity (MWh) availability is a requirement of load leveling, while high performance (MW) is needed for applications such as power quality and spinning reserve. At its low end, this market merges with conventional uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems. High-end systems employ sophisticated power conversion devices and controllers to interface with the power grid, while nominal battery voltages can be measured in kilovolts. To date, only a handful of high-end systems have been deployed. However, the electric utility segment of this market in the USA is predicted to exceed 500 MW of capacity by 2010, and many more systems are likely to be installed by end users. Technologies that compete with BES include traditional generation methods (combustion turbines and diesels), pumped hydro, compressed air energy storage (CAES), superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), supercapacitors, flywheels, and fuel cells. This paper describes the various BES applications, and details how nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries can provide particular benefits in many cases. The conclusion is that, despite its high initial cost, the Ni-Cd option often has the lowest cost of ownership, or life cycle cost.
Starting Page	303
Ending Page	308
File Size	516501
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISBN	0780349679
ISSN	10898182
DOI	10.1109/BCAA.1999.796008
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1999-01-12
Publisher Place	USA
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Batteries Energy storage Costs Uninterruptible power systems Power supplies Availability Power quality Spinning Power conversion Voltage control
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in