NDLI: Event detection: Ultra large-scale clustering of facial expressions

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Vandal, T. McDuff, D. El Kaliouby, R.
Copyright Year	2015
Description	Author affiliation: Affectiva, Waltham, MA, USA (Vandal, T.; McDuff, D.; El Kaliouby, R.)
Abstract	Facial behavior contains rich non-verbal information. However, to date studies have typically been limited to the analysis of a few hundred or thousand video sequences. We present the first-ever ultra large-scale clustering of facial events extracted from over 1.5 million facial videos collected while individuals from over 94 countries respond to one of more that 8000 online videos. We believe this is the first example of what might be described “big data” analysis in facial expression research. Automated facial coding was used to quantify eyebrow raise (AU2), eyebrow lowerer (AU4) and smile behaviors in the 700,000,000+ frames. Facial “events” were extracted and defined by a set of temporal features and then clustered using the k-means clustering algorithm. Verifying the observations in each cluster against human-coded data we were able to identify reliable clusters of facial events with different dynamics (e.g. fleeting vs. sustained and rapid offset vs. slow offset smiles). These events provide a way of summarizing behaviors that occur without prescribing the properties. We examined the how these nuanced facial events were tied to consumer behavior. We found that smile events - particularly those with high peaks - were much more likely to occur during viral ads. This data is cross-cultural, we also examine the prevalence of different events across regions of the globe.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	8
File Size	4982544
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISBN	9781479960262
DOI	10.1109/FG.2015.7163079
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2015-05-04
Publisher Place	Slovenia
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Eyebrows Feature extraction Encoding Webcams Face Training Media
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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