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| Content Provider | IEEE Xplore Digital Library |
|---|---|
| Author | Kawato, S. Ohya, J. |
| Copyright Year | 2000 |
| Description | Author affiliation: ATR Media Integration & Commun. Res. Labs., Kyoto, Japan (Kawato, S.) |
| Abstract | Among head gestures, nodding and head-shaking are very common and used often. Thus the detection of such gestures is basic to a visual understanding of human responses. However it is difficult to detect them in real-time, because nodding and head-shaking are fairly small and fast head movements. We propose an approach for detecting nodding and head-shaking in real time from a single color video stream by directly detecting and tracking a point between the eyes, or what we call the "between-eyes". Along a circle of a certain radius centered at the "between-eyes", the pixel value has two cycles of bright parts (forehead and nose bridge) and dark parts (eyes and brows). The output of the proposed circle-frequency filter has a local maximum at these characteristic points. To distinguish the true "between-eyes" from similar characteristic points in other face parts, we do a confirmation with eye detection. Once the "between-eyes" is detected, a small area around it is copied as a template and the system enters the tracking mode. Combining with the circle-frequency filtering and the template, the tracking is done not by searching around but by selecting candidates using the template; the template is then updated. Due to this special tracking algorithm, the system can track the "between-eyes" stably and accurately. It runs at 13 frames/s rate without special hardware. By analyzing the movement of the point, we can detect nodding and head-shaking. Some experimental results are shown. |
| Starting Page | 40 |
| Ending Page | 45 |
| File Size | 159544 |
| Page Count | 6 |
| File Format | |
| ISBN | 0769505805 |
| DOI | 10.1109/AFGR.2000.840610 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher Date | 2000-03-30 |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Rights Holder | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subject Keyword | Eyes Face detection Humans Streaming media Forehead Nose Bridges Filters Filtering Hardware |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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