NDLI: A robust method for ECG-based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bailon, R. Sornmo, L. Laguna, P.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	A robust method is presented for electrocardiogram (ECG)-based estimation of the respiratory frequency during stress testing. Such ECGs contain highly nonstationary noise and exhibit changes in QRS morphology which, when combined with the dynamic nature of the respiratory frequency, make most existing methods break down. The present method exploits the oscillatory pattern of the rotation angles of the heart's electrical axis as induced by respiration. The series of rotation angles, obtained from least-squares loop alignment, is subject to power spectral analysis and estimation of the respiratory frequency. Robust techniques are introduced to handle the nonstationary properties of exercise ECGs. The method is evaluated by means of both simulated signals, and ECG/airflow signals recorded from 14 volunteers and 20 patients during stress testing. The resulting respiratory frequency estimation error is, for simulated signals, equal to 0.5% /spl plusmn/ 0.2%, mean /spl plusmn/ SD (0.002 /spl plusmn/ 0.001 Hz), whereas the error between respiratory frequencies of the ECG-derived method and the airflow signals is 5.9% /spl plusmn/ 4% (0.022 /spl plusmn/ 0.016 Hz). The results suggest that the method is highly suitable for analysis of noisy ECG signals recorded during stress testing.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	13
File Size	713450
Starting Page	1273
Ending Page	1285
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	53
Issue Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-07-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Frequency estimation Robustness Stress Testing Electrocardiography Heart rate variability Morphology Data mining Heart rate Communications technology signal synthesis ECG-derived respiration (EDR) electrocardiography exercise respiratory frequency repiratory system robustness
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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