NDLI: A UTD/FDTD investigation on procedures to assess compliance of cellular base-station antennas with human-exposure limits in a realistic urban environment

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bernardi, P. Cavagnaro, M. Cicchetti, R. Pisa, S. Piuzzi, E. Testa, O.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	In this paper, different exposure situations for a subject standing inside a room of a building with a window facing a rooftop-mounted base-station antenna are analyzed. The study is accomplished by using a technique combining the uniform asymptotic theory of diffraction and the finite-difference time-domain method, suitable to characterize human exposure in realistic urban environments at a reasonable computational cost. The different exposure conditions examined are analyzed to highlight the problems related to compliance assessment procedures in complex exposure scenarios and to suggest some possible solutions. A comparison of the results obtained in these scenarios with those computed neglecting the presence of the room walls (free-space situations) evidences that, under certain conditions, average exposure field levels and specific absorption rates (SARs) in the realistic environments can be higher than in free space, thus demonstrating that compliance assessment carried out in free space can yield nonconservative results. As concerns implications of field nonuniformities, typical of realistic urban environments, on SAR values, the results show that the whole-body averaged SAR is related to the average field value, provided the averaging procedure is appropriately chosen to cover all the volume occupied by the subject (V/sub S/) and not only a vertical surface. Local SAR values, instead, show a more complex relation with the exposure field, such that considering only the V/sub S/-averaged field value for compliance assessment might lead to an underestimation of the real exposure level, while using the peak of the field in V/sub S/ leads to a remarkable overestimation.
Sponsorship	IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
Starting Page	2409
Ending Page	2417
Page Count	9
File Size	813810
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189480
Volume Number	51
Issue Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2003-12-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Finite difference methods Time domain analysis Humans Guidelines Physical theory of diffraction Lead FCC Life testing Windows Computational efficiency
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Radiation

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