NDLI: High contrast ultrasound images of defects in food package seals

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Frazier, C.H. Qi Tian Ozguler, A. Morris, S.A. O'Brien Jr., W.D.
Copyright Year	1986
Abstract	Previous work to detect defects in food packaging seals using pulse-echo ultrasound inspired the backscattered amplitude integral (BAI) imaging technique, which could reliably identify channels with diameters 38 /spl mu/m or larger at a center frequency of 17.3 MHz (/spl lambda/=86 /spl mu/m). The current study presents two new processing techniques that more reliably reveal smaller channels (/spl ap/6 /spl mu/m in diameter). The RF sampling technique (RFS) displays a single, time-gated, pressure value from the received (not envelope-detected) RF waveform at each transducer position. The RF correlation technique (RFC) calculates the correlation coefficients of the RF signals with a reference signal that does not pass through a channel. The correlation coefficient can be calculated for the entire RF signal (RFCE) or over a short segment of the RF signal (RFCS). The performance of these imaging methods for detecting channel defects is investigated for plastic and aluminum foil trilaminate films with 6, 10, 15, 38, and 50 /spl mu/m channels filled with water or air. Data are collected with a focused ultrasound transducer (17.3 MHz, 6.35 mm in diameter, f/2, 173 /spl mu/m -6 dB pulse-echo lateral beamwidth at the focus) scanned over a rectangular grid, keeping the package in the focus. Performance is measured using detection rates, image contrast, and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Both RFS and RFCS have improved detection rates relative to BAI for channels 15 /spl mu/m or smaller. The RFCS technique is the most effective at smoothing the background, leading to the greatest CNR improvements.
Page Count	10
File Size	3793937
Starting Page	530
Ending Page	539
File Format	PDF
ISSN	08853010
Volume Number	47
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2000-05-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Ultrasonic imaging Packaging Seals Radio frequency Focusing Radiofrequency identification Signal sampling Displays Transducers RF signals
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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