NDLI: Skin heating effects of millimeter-wave irradiation-thermal modeling results

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Nelson, D.A. Nelson, M.T. Walters, T.J. Mason, P.A.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	Millimeter microwaves (MMWs) are a subset of RF in the 30-300-GHz range, The proliferation of devices that operate in the MMW range has been accompanied by increased concern about their safety. As MMW irradiation has a very shallow penetration in tissue, the specific absorption rate is not a relevant parameter for dosimetry purposes. A thermal modeling program was used to investigate the tissue heating effects of MMW irradiation (100 GHz nominal) on the primate head. The objectives were to determine the extent to which the surface and subsurface tissue temperatures depend on applied energy density and the effects of blood flow and surface cooling on tissue temperatures. Two power ranges were considered: short-duration exposure to high power microwaves (HPMs), with power densities of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 W cm/sup -2/ for 3 s, and longer duration exposure to low-power microwaves (LPMs), with power densities of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 W cm/sup -2/ for 30 s. The applied energies were comparable for both HPM and LPM exposures. The authors found both surface and subsurface temperatures increase as the energy level increases, with HPMs having a higher peak temperature than the LPMs for similar exposure energy densities. The surface temperature increase is linear with energy density for the HPMs, except under combined conditions of high blood flow (blood-flow rate of 8/spl times/10/sup -3/ g s/sup -1/ cm/sup -3/) and high-energy density (greater than 7.5 J cm/sup -2/), The LPM surface temperatures are not linear with incident energy. The peak surface temperature is affected by environmental conditions (convection coefficient, sweat rate). The magnitude of the temperature increase due to MMW exposure did not change with environmental conditions. The subsurface temperature increases are considerably damped, compared to the surface temperatures.
Sponsorship	IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
Starting Page	2111
Ending Page	2120
Page Count	10
File Size	170569
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189480
Volume Number	48
Issue Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2000-11-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Skin Electromagnetic heating Temperature dependence Blood flow Millimeter wave devices Microwave devices Radio frequency Safety devices Dosimetry Cooling
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Radiation

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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