NDLI: The effects of inhomogeneities and anisotropies on electrocardiographic fields: a 3-D finite-element study

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Klepfer, R.N. Johnson, C.R. Macleod, R.S.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	The aim of this study was to quantify the effects of selected inhomogeneities and anisotropies on computed electric potential fields associated with the electrocardiographic forward problem. The model construction was based on the Utah Torso model and included geometry for major anatomical structures such as subcutaneous fat, skeletal muscle, and lungs, as well as for epicardial fatpads, major arteries and veins, and the sternum, ribs, spine, and clavicles. Measured epicardial potentials served as the electrical source for solutions to the electrocardiographic forward problem computed using the finite element method (FEM). The geometry of the torso model for each simulation was constant, but different combinations of conductivities were assigned to individual organs or tissues. Comparisons of different conductivity combinations followed one of two basic schemes: 1) a homogeneous torso served as the reference against which we compared simulations with a single organ or tissue and assigned its nominal conductivity, or 2) a fully inhomogeneous torso served as the reference and we removed the effect of individual organs or tissues by assigning it the homogeneous conductivity value. When single inhomogeneities were added to an otherwise homogeneous isotropic model, anisotropic skeletal muscle (at a 15:1 anisotropy ratio) and the right and left lung had larger average effects (12.8, 12.7, and 12.1% relative error (RE), respectively) than the other inhomogeneities tested. Our results for removing single inhomogeneities show that the subcutaneous fat, the anisotropic skeletal muscle (with the degree of anisotropy equal to 7:1), and the lungs have larger average impacts on the body surface potential distributions than other elements of the model (with values of 14.9, 12.6, and 11.7% RE, respectively). The results also show that the size of the effect depended strongly on the distribution of epicardial potentials. The results of this study suggest that accurate representation of tissue inhomogeneity has a significant effect on the accuracy of the forward solution, with regions near the torso surface playing a larger role, in general, than those near the heart.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	14
File Size	374295
Starting Page	706
Ending Page	719
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189294
Volume Number	44
Issue Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1997-08-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Anisotropic magnetoresistance Finite element methods Torso Solid modeling Conductivity Muscles Lungs Nonuniform electric fields Geometry Electric potential
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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