NDLI: Spelled Speech as an Output for Computers and Reading Machines for the Blind

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Spelled Speech as an Output for Computers and Reading Machines for the Blind

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ingham, K.R.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	The development of a speech display system for the blind built around the TX-0 and PDP-1 computers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is described. The system, dubbed ``SPANC,'' was designed to permit the application of a variety of sound compression techniques to be used. Spelled-speech alphabets and displays were developed. An investigation of the letter sounds was carried out for the purpose of revealing the positions where cuts could be made so as to achieve high reading rates yet retain smooth coalescence. Identification of the positions of these cuts could be made with gross features of the acoustic waveform. Cuts of more than 50-ms duration could be made in the region of the articulatory transitions for the consonants, and very acceptable representations of the letter sounds could be obtained by preserving this region for the vowels. Finally, the overlapping of letter utterances as a compression technique was accomplished with subjects experiencing very little difficulty for overlaps corresponding to reading rates of 90 and 120 words per minute.
Starting Page	175
Ending Page	181
Page Count	7
File Size	2972425
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0096249X
Volume Number	HFE-8
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1967-09-01
Publisher Place	New York, U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Speech Computer displays Electronic equipment testing Application software Acoustic waves Keyboards Auditory displays Flip-flops Headphones Monitoring
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Control and Systems Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Human-Computer Interaction Computer Science Applications Software

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