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Enhancement of Bilateral Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potentials to Intact Forelimb Stimulation Following Thoracic Contusion Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

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Enhancement of Bilateral Cortical Somatosensory Evoked Potentials to Intact Forelimb Stimulation Following Thoracic Contusion Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bazley, F.A. Maybhate, A. Chuen Seng Tan Thakor, N.V. Kerr, C. All, A.H.
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	The adult central nervous system is capable of significant reorganization and adaptation following neurotrauma. After a thoracic contusive spinal cord injury (SCI) neuropathways that innervate the cord below the epicenter of injury are damaged, with minimal prospects for functional recovery. In contrast, pathways above the site of injury remain intact and may undergo adaptive changes in response to injury. We used cortical somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) to evaluate changes in intact forelimb pathways. Rats received a midline contusion SCI, unilateral contusion SCI, or laminectomy with no contusion at the T8 level and were monitored for 28 days post-injury. In the midline injury group, SSEPs recorded from the contralateral forelimb region of the primary somatosensory cortex were 59.7% (CI 34.7%, 84.8%; c² = 21.9; dof = 1; p = 2.9 ×10^-6) greater than the laminectomy group; SSEPs from the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex were 47.6% (CI 18.3%, 77%; c² = 10.1; dof = 1; p = 0.001) greater. Activation of the ipsilateral somatosensory cortex was further supported by BOLD-fMRI, which showed increased oxygenation at the ipsilateral hemisphere at day seven post-injury. In the unilateral injury group, ipsilesional side was compared to the contralesional side. SSEPs on day 14 (148%; CI 111%, 185%) and day 21 (137%; CI 110%, 163%) for ipsilesional forelimb stimulation were significantly increased over baseline (100%). SSEPs recorded from the hindlimb sensory cortex upon ipsilesional stimulation were 33.9% (CI 14.3%, 53.4%; c² = 11.6; dof = 1; p = 0.0007) greater than contralesional stimulation. Therefore, these results demonstrate the ability of SSEPs to detect significant enhancements in the activation of forelimb sensory pathways following both midline and unilateral contusive SCI at T8. Reorganization of forelimb pathways may occur after thoracic SCI, which SSEPs can monitor to aid the development of future therapies.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Starting Page	953
Ending Page	964
Page Count	12
File Size	2403979
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15344320
Volume Number	22
Issue Number	5
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Injuries Rats Electrodes Educational institutions Spinal cord Fasteners Skin unilateral spinal cord injury Contusion spinal cord injury cortical plasticity electrophysiology somatosensory evoked potentials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Rehabilitation Internal Medicine Biomedical Engineering Computer Science Applications

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