NDLI: Normalized Correlation-Based Quantization Modulation for Robust Watermarking

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Xinshan Zhu Jie Ding Honghui Dong Kongfa Hu Xiaobin Zhang
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	A novel quantization watermarking method is presented in this paper, which is developed following the established feature modulation watermarking model. In this method, a feature signal is obtained by computing the normalized correlation (NC) between the host signal and a random signal. Information modulation is carried out on the generated NC by selecting a codeword from the codebook associated with the embedded information. In a simple case, the structured codebooks are designed using uniform quantizers for modulation. The watermarked signal is produced to provide the modulated NC in the sense of minimizing the embedding distortion. The performance of the NC-based quantization modulation (NCQM) is analytically investigated, in terms of the embedding distortion and the decoding error probability in the presence of valumetric scaling and additive noise attacks. Numerical simulations on artificial signals confirm the validity of our analyses and exhibit the performance advantage of NCQM over other modulation techniques. The proposed method is also simulated on real images by using the wavelet-based implementations, where the host signal is constructed by the detail coefficients of wavelet decomposition at the third level and transformed into the NC feature signal for the information modulation. Experimental results show that the proposed NCQM not only achieves the improved watermark imperceptibility and a higher embedding capacity in high-noise regimes, but also is more robust to a wide range of attacks, e.g., valumetric scaling, Gaussian filtering, additive noise, Gamma correction, and Gray-level transformations, as compared with the state-of-the-art watermarking methods.
Sponsorship	IEEE Signal Processing Society IEEE Circuits and Systems Society IEEE Communications Society IEEE Computer Society
Starting Page	1888
Ending Page	1904
Page Count	17
File Size	4394056
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15209210
Volume Number	16
Issue Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Watermarking Vectors Modulation Quantization (signal) Feature extraction Decoding Robustness valumetric scaling Decoding error probability normalized correlation quantization watermarking spread transform
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Science Applications Media Technology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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