NDLI: Polarimetric Simulations of SAR at L-Band Over Bare Soil Using Scattering Matrices of Random Rough Surfaces From Numerical Three-Dimensional Solutions of Maxwell Equations

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kun-Shan Chen Leung Tsang Kuan-Liang Chen Tien Hao Liao Jong-Sen Lee
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	We have performed simulations of random rough surface scattering using 3-D numerical solution of Maxwell equations (NMM3D) using surface size up to 32 × 32 squared wavelengths. The rough surfaces are characterized by exponential correlation functions. The simulation results of crossand copolarization backscattering coefficients were in good agreement with experimental measurements of bare soils at L-band. Because in numerical solutions of Maxwell equations the electric fields of the scattered wave are calculated for each realization, scattering matrices can be simulated by NMM3D, and such simulations are performed in this paper. For a given RMS height, correlation length, soil permittivity, and incident angle, we calculated the radar scattering matrix up to 958 independent realizations. For each realization, the components of the scattering matrix, namely, S_HH, S_VV, S_HV, and S_VH, are calculated. Using the simulated scattering matrices, we calculate the polarimetric speckle statistics (amplitude and phase difference), followed by a comparison with theoretical distributions. For fully developed speckle from the homogeneous rough surface, the results are examined and validated to ensure the simulated data quality as far as polarimetric properties are concerned. By taking ensemble averages, we calculate the coherency matrix from which the eigenvalues, entropy, anisotropy, and alpha angle in coherent target decomposition are then calculated. In particular, characterization of polarimetric descriptors for rough surface is presented. Issues of scattering symmetry characteristics are also discussed.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	7048
Ending Page	7058
Page Count	11
File Size	876975
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Rough surfaces Surface roughness Scattering Surface waves Backscatter Mathematical model Numerical models polarimetric synthetic aperture radar Coherent target decomposition numerical simulation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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