NDLI: The Accuracy of Faraday Rotation Estimation in Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar Images

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Rogers, N.C. Shaun Quegan
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	Spaceborne linearly polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides information about surface properties and scatterer types by measuring the covariances between images formed using orthogonally polarized radio waves. However, ionospheric Faraday rotation (FR) and system calibration errors alter the balance in the polarimetric channels and distort the covariance matrix. Since FR angles are greater at lower radio frequencies, this paper focuses on the Biomass satellite, which is the European Space Agency's 7th Earth Explorer mission and will carry a P-band (435 MHz) polarimetric SAR. Its primary objective is to measure forest biomass density by combining estimates derived from the polarimetric covariance matrix with estimates based on measuring forest height with polarimetric interferometry and exploiting height-biomass allometric relations. The accuracy of four methods for estimating FR from polarimetric SAR is assessed using simulated images of forest with a range of biomass densities and system errors (H/V channel imbalances, antenna crosstalk, and noise) and over a large spread of FR angles. All methods have biases dependent on the FR, the relative phases of the crosstalk components, and the channel imbalance phase. The best performing method estimates FR to better than 5 ^° under worst case system errors at all FR angles, so the accuracy of biomass density estimates should not be significantly affected. However, crosstalk phases are predicted to vary greatly across the Biomass antenna beam, and this could potentially cause the FR bias to vary by several degrees across the swath. These effects may occur even for the small values of FR met in L-band data.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	4799
Ending Page	4807
Page Count	9
File Size	1077991
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2014-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Synthetic aperture radar Biomass Crosstalk Noise Calibration Accuracy L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) Ionosphere radio propagation spaceborne radar
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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