NDLI: Spectrum Combining for ENF Signal Estimation

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hajj-Ahmad, A. Garg, R. Min Wu
Copyright Year	1994
Abstract	The Electric Network Frequency (ENF) is the supply frequency of power distribution networks, and is often captured by audio or video measurements recorded near power supplies. The time varying nature of the ENF allows it to be used for such forensic applications as estimating the time and location of media recordings, and discerning their integrity. An initial step in such applications is to extract the ENF signal-instantaneous ENF values over time-as accurately as possible. Existing techniques rely on estimating the ENF around the nominal frequency of 50/60 Hz, or around one of its harmonics at a time. In this letter, a novel spectrum combining approach is proposed, which exploits the presence of the ENF around different harmonics of the nominal frequency. The ENF signal is estimated by combining the ENF at multiple harmonics, based on the local signal-to-noise ratio at each harmonic. A hypothesis testing performance of an ENF-based timestamp verification application is examined to validate that the proposed approach achieves a more robust and accurate performance than conventional ENF estimation techniques.
Sponsorship	IEEE Signal Processing Society
Starting Page	885
Ending Page	888
Page Count	4
File Size	769400
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10709908
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Harmonic analysis Frequency estimation Equations Signal to noise ratio Estimation Power system harmonics spectrum combining Electric Network Frequency timestamp verification
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Applied Mathematics Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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