NDLI: The Helical Structure of Sweat Ducts: Their Influence on the Electromagnetic Reflection Spectrum of the Skin

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hayut, I. Puzenko, A. Ben Ishai, P. Polsman, A. Agranat, A.J. Feldman, Y.
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The helical structure of human eccrine sweat ducts, together with the dielectric properties of the human skin, suggested that their electromagnetic (EM) properties would resemble those of an array of helical antennas. In order to examine the implications of this assumption, numerical simulations in the frequency range of 100-450 GHz, were conducted. In addition, an initial set of measurements was made, and the reflection spectrum measured from the skin of human subjects was compared to the simulation results. The simulation model consisted of a three layer skin model (dermis, epidermis, and stratum corneum) with rough boundaries between the layers and helical sweat ducts embedded into the epidermis. The spectral response obtained by our simulations coincides with the analytical prediction of antenna theory and supports the hypothesis that the sweat ducts can be regarded as helical antennas. The results of the spectrum measurements from the human skin are in good agreement with the simulation results in the vicinity of the axial mode. The magnitude of this response depends on the conductivity of sweat in these frequencies, but the analysis of the phenomena and the frequencies related to the antenna-like modes are independent of this parameter. Furthermore, circular dichroism of the reflected electromagnetic field is a characteristic property of such helical antennas. In this work we show that: 1) circular dichroism is indeed a characteristic of the simulation model and 2) the helical structure of the sweat ducts has the strongest effect on the reflected signal at frequencies above 200 GHz, where the wavelength and the dimensions of the ducts are comparable. In particular, the strongest spectral response (as calculated by the simulations and measured experimentally) was noted around the predicted frequency (380 GHz) for the axial mode of the helical structure.
Starting Page	207
Ending Page	215
Page Count	9
File Size	1924908
File Format	PDF
ISSN	2156342X
Volume Number	3
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Ducts Computational modeling Epidermis Helical antennas Humans Frequency measurement sweat ducts Electromagnetic (EM) simulations skin sub-mm wave band
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Radiation

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Wide Band mm- and Sub-mm-Wave Dielectric Rod Waveguide Antenna

Diffraction in mm and Sub-mm Wave Indoor Propagation Channels

Size Reduced Multi-Band Printed Quadrifilar Helical Antenna

Millimeter-wave dual-band microstrip patch antennas using multilayer GaAs technology

Millimeter-Wave Propagation in Indoor Corridors

Reflection phase of electromagnetic bandgap structure measurement based on parallel-plate waveguide system

A WLAN-used helical antenna fully integrated with the PCMCIA carrier

Numerical Computation of Temperature Elevation in Human Skin Due to Electromagnetic Exposure in the THz Frequency Range

Statistical Analysis of Process Variations in RF/mm-Wave Circuits With On-The-Fly Passive Macro-Modeling

The Helical Structure of Sweat Ducts: Their Influence on the Electromagnetic Reflection Spectrum of the Skin

Similar Documents

Wide Band mm- and Sub-mm-Wave Dielectric Rod Waveguide Antenna

Diffraction in mm and Sub-mm Wave Indoor Propagation Channels

Size Reduced Multi-Band Printed Quadrifilar Helical Antenna

Millimeter-wave dual-band microstrip patch antennas using multilayer GaAs technology

Millimeter-Wave Propagation in Indoor Corridors

Reflection phase of electromagnetic bandgap structure measurement based on parallel-plate waveguide system

A WLAN-used helical antenna fully integrated with the PCMCIA carrier

Numerical Computation of Temperature Elevation in Human Skin Due to Electromagnetic Exposure in the THz Frequency Range

Statistical Analysis of Process Variations in RF/mm-Wave Circuits With On-The-Fly Passive Macro-Modeling

The Helical Structure of Sweat Ducts: Their Influence on the Electromagnetic Reflection Spectrum of the Skin