NDLI: Real-Time Processing of Electromagnetic Induction Dynamic Data Using Kalman Filters for Unexploded Ordnance Detection

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Grzegorczyk, T.M. Barrowes, B.E.
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	The current procedure to detect and identify unexploded ordnance (UXO) using electromagnetic induction (EMI) time-domain sensors is based on two steps. First, data are acquired over large areas in dynamic mode, and locations of interest are flagged based on measured field amplitudes. Second, sensors return to the flagged areas for more in-depth cued interrogation, providing high-quality data for subsequent identification and classification. Flagging based on field amplitude, however, has potential drawbacks: The magnetic field in the EMI regime exhibits a 1/R⁶ drop-off with range, and a deep UXO may not produce a strong response while still being potentially hazardous. To address this problem, we propose in this paper an inversion method based on Kalman and extended Kalman filters meant to do the following: 1) work with dynamic data; 2) provide both position and polarizability estimates; and 3) operate in real time (less than 100 ms in our case). Such full characterization of the target, albeit limited to within the 2.7-ms interrogation time window of the dynamic mode associated with the sensors studied here, provides useful information when deciding whether to continue with the cued interrogation. We validate the method for two popular EMI sensors, the second-version Man Portable Vector (MPV-II) and the MetalMapper, operated in very different settings: The MPV-II is used to interrogate a limited region of space atop a single target, whereas the MetalMapper is driven over long lanes along which several targets and clutter items are present.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	3439
Ending Page	3451
Page Count	13
File Size	2043920
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	51
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Receivers Electromagnetic interference Vectors Heuristic algorithms Transmitters Magnetic sensors unexploded ordnance (UXO) Electromagnetic induction (EMI) Kalman filters (KFs) MetalMapper sensor second-version Man Portable Vector (MPV-II) sensor real-time systems
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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