NDLI: A Comparative Analysis Between Customized and Commercial Systems for Complex Permittivity Measurements on Liquid Samples at Microwave Frequencies

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Piuzzi, E. Merla, C. Cannazza, G. Zambotti, A. Apollonio, F. Cataldo, A. D'Atanasio, P. De Benedetto, E. Liberti, M.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	In this paper, different customized systems for microwave permittivity measurements on liquid samples, based on reflectometric measurements, are presented and analyzed. Their performance is compared against the one deriving from the most widely adopted commercial measurement setup. The systems are designed with the aim of providing less expensive solutions without compromising measurement accuracy. The purpose of the first proposed solution is to replace the commercial measurement software exploiting a reformulation of the classical theory. Based on this alternative formulation, a “homemade” probe is built by properly modifying an N-type coaxial connector, thus providing a system requiring a lower quantity of liquid under test. Moreover, a different experimental approach which uses time-domain reflectometry (TDR) instrumentation is presented. Such solution is by far the least expensive, as it allows avoiding the use of costly instrumentation (such as a vector network analyzer). In order to metrologically characterize the proposed solutions, a series of repeated measurements is performed on a set of well-referenced liquids. After extracting the Cole–Cole parameters through each of the considered measurement methods, the resulting type A uncertainty is evaluated. Finally, comparison with literature data allows the estimation of measurement bias. The analysis evidences that custom solutions generally exhibit an accuracy comparable to the one of the commercial solution, with a slight degradation of performance for the TDR-based setup, which, however, compensates for this drawback with its appealing low cost.
Sponsorship	IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society Bureau international des poids et mesures IEEE International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) URSI NBS Agency Ind. Sci. & Technol., Min. Int. Trade & Ind. Sci. Council Japan International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) NIST NRCC National Conference of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) Allen Osborne Associates Andeen-Hagerling, Inc. Ballantine Lab. Inc. Clarke-Hess Communications Research Corp. Fluke Corporation Guildline Instruments Hewlett-Packard Co. Julie Res. Lab. Inc. Keithley Instruments, Inc. Measurements International Ltd. Canada QuadTech Inc. Quantum Design Inc. Rotek Instrum. Corp. Tegam Inc. Tektronix Inc
Starting Page	1034
Ending Page	1046
Page Count	13
File Size	763275
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189456
Volume Number	62
Issue Number	5
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2013-05-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Probes Permittivity measurement Liquids Table lookup Frequency measurement Calibration Permittivity uncertainty evaluation Open-ended coaxial probe permittivity measurement reflectometry short-circuited coaxial probe
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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