NDLI: GPU-Based PET Image Reconstruction Using an Accurate Geometrical System Model

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kinouchi, S. Yamaya, T. Yoshida, E. Tashima, H. Kudo, H. Haneishi, H. Suga, M.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	In positron emission tomography (PET), 3D iterative image reconstruction methods have a huge computational burden. In this paper, we developed a list-mode image reconstruction method using graphics processing units (GPUs). Efficiency of acceleration for GPU implementation largely depends on the method chosen, where a reduced number of conditional statements and a reduced memory size are required. On the other hand, accurate system models are required to improve the quality of reconstructed images. Various accurate system models for conventional CPU implementation have been proposed, but these models basically require many conditional statements and huge memory size. Therefore, we developed a new system model which matches GPU implementation better. In this model, the detector response functions, which vary depending on each line of response (LOR), are pre-computed in CPUs and modeled by sixth-order polynomial functions in order to reduce the memory size occupied in GPUs. Each element of a system matrix is obtained on-the-fly in GPUs by calculating the distance between an LOR and a voxel. Therefore the developed system model enables efficient GPU implementation of the accurate system modeling with a reduced number of conditional statements and a reduced memory size. We applied the developed method to a small OpenPET prototype, in which 4-layered depth-of-interaction (DOI) detectors were used. For image reconstruction, we used the dynamic row-action maximum likelihood algorithm (DRAMA). Compared with a conventional model for GPU implementation, in which DRFs are given as a Gaussian function of fixed width, we saw no remarkable difference for DOI data, but for non-DOI data the proposed model outperformed the conventional at the peripheral region of the field-of-view. The proposed model had almost the same calculation time as the conventional model did. For further acceleration, we tried parallel GPU implementation, and we obtained 3.8-fold acceleration by using 4 GPUs.
Sponsorship	IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society Computer Applications in Nuclear and Plasma Sciences (CANPS) Lawrence Berkeley Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab. APS College of William and Mary Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility NASA Defence Nuclear Agency Sandia National Laboratories Jet Propulsion Laboratory Brookhaven Nat. Lab. Lawrence Livermore Nat. Lab IEEE/NPPS Radiat. Effects Committee Defence Nuclear Agency/DoD Sandia National Laboratories/DOE Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA Phillips Lab./DoD
Starting Page	1977
Ending Page	1983
Page Count	7
File Size	1753936
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189499
Volume Number	59
Issue Number	5
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-10-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Graphics processing unit Image reconstruction Data models Detectors Positron emission tomography Computational modeling Acceleration system model GPU image reconstruction PET
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Nuclear and High Energy Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nuclear Energy and Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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