NDLI: High-Accuracy Reference-Free Ultrasonic Location Estimation

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Saad, M.M. Bleakley, C.J. Ballal, T. Dobson, S.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	This paper presents a novel reference-free ultrasonic indoor location system. Unlike most previous proposals, the mobile device (MD) determines its own position based only on ultrasonic signals received at a compact sensor array and sent by a fixed independent beacon. No radio frequency or wired timing reference signal is used. Furthermore, the system is privacy aware and one way in that the receive-only MD determines its own position based on ultrasonic signals received from fixed transmit-only beacons. The MD uses a novel hybrid angle of arrival (AoA)-time of flight (ToF) with timing lock algorithm to determine its location relative to the beacons with high accuracy. The algorithm utilizes an AoA-based location method to obtain an initial estimate of its own location. Based on this, it estimates the timing offsets (TOs) between the MD clock and the beacon transmissions. The average TO and the known periodicities of the beacon signals are then used to obtain a second more accurate MD location estimate via a ToF method. The system utilizes wideband spread spectrum ultrasonic signaling in order to achieve a high update rate and robustness to noise and reverberation. A prototype system was constructed, and the algorithm was implemented in software. The experimental results show that the method provides 3-D accuracy better than 9.5 cm in 99% of cases, an 80% accuracy improvement over the conventional AoA-only method.
Sponsorship	IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Society Bureau international des poids et mesures IEEE International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM) URSI NBS Agency Ind. Sci. & Technol., Min. Int. Trade & Ind. Sci. Council Japan International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) NIST NRCC National Conference of Standards Laboratories (NCSL) Allen Osborne Associates Andeen-Hagerling, Inc. Ballantine Lab. Inc. Clarke-Hess Communications Research Corp. Fluke Corporation Guildline Instruments Hewlett-Packard Co. Julie Res. Lab. Inc. Keithley Instruments, Inc. Measurements International Ltd. Canada QuadTech Inc. Quantum Design Inc. Rotek Instrum. Corp. Tegam Inc. Tektronix Inc
Starting Page	1561
Ending Page	1570
Page Count	10
File Size	1041696
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189456
Volume Number	61
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2012-06-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Acoustics Estimation Receivers Timing Accuracy Noise Arrays ultrasonic Angle of arrival (AoA) frequency hop spread spectrum (FHSS) location estimation reference free timing lock times of arrival (ToA)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Instrumentation Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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