NDLI: Polarization Control and Dynamic Properties of VCSELs for MEMS Atomic Clock Applications

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Al-Samaneh, A. Bou Sanayeh, M. Renz, S. Wahl, D. Michalzik, R.
Copyright Year	1989
Abstract	We report the polarization stability and small-signal characteristics of single-polarization single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) emitting at 894.6-nm wavelength for Cs-based miniature atomic clock applications. Polarization control is achieved by integration of a semiconducting surface grating in the top Bragg mirror. The VCSELs are polarized orthogonal to the grating lines with a peak-to-peak difference between the dominant and the suppressed polarization modes reaching 29 dB even at substrate temperatures up to 65°C . A modulation bandwidth of more than 5 GHz is reached at only 0.5-mA bias. Modulation current efficiency factors larger than 12 GHz/√(mA) are achieved. Moreover, the intrinsic modulation characteristics of the VCSELs are investigated. A K-factor of less than 0.30 ns and a maximum 3-dB bandwidth exceeding 30 GHz are obtained.
Sponsorship	IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society
Starting Page	1049
Ending Page	1051
Page Count	3
File Size	387330
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10411135
Volume Number	23
Issue Number	15
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2011-08-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Gratings Atomic clocks Modulation Temperature measurement Substrates Temperature vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) Atomic clock polarization stability small-signal modulation response surface grating
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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