NDLI: Practical Evaluation of Illumination Watermarking Technique Using Orthogonal Transforms

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Practical Evaluation of Illumination Watermarking Technique Using Orthogonal Transforms

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ishikawa, Y. Uehira, K. Yanaka, K.
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	We have proposed an “Illumination Watermarking” technology with which the images of objects without copyright protection can contain invisible digital watermarking. This technology uses spatially modulated illumination possibly using an orthogonal transform, such as discrete cosine transform (DCT), as the method of embedding watermarks, and it can be applied to objects that do not have electronically embedded watermarking such as pictures painted by artists. We conducted a new series of experiments where one-bit binary data were embedded in one block that consisted of 8 × 8 pixels using the phase of the highest frequency component generated by a Walsh-Hadamard transform (WHT) as well as DCT. The experimental results revealed that embedded data could be read out with almost 100% accuracy in both cases, where the embedded watermarked image could hardly be observed. We also found that the influence of JPEG compression, which is commonly used in digital cameras, was very small.
Sponsorship	IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Optical Society of America
Starting Page	351
Ending Page	358
Page Count	8
File Size	2001111
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1551319X
Volume Number	6
Issue Number	9
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2010-09-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Lighting Watermarking Discrete cosine transforms Digital cameras Discrete transforms Light sources Brightness Paper technology Copyright protection Frequency spatially modulated illumination Digital watermarking discrete cosine transform (DCT) illegal photography protection illuminated digital watermarking
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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