NDLI: History of the Microwave-Tube Art

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Pierce, J.R.
Copyright Year	1931
Abstract	Many ideas important to microwave tubes, including the interaction of electrons with waves, occurred very early. An orderly understanding came much later. The RF diode equation (1933-1944) gave quantitative results concerning microwave tubes rather than insight. The klystron and the concept of velocity modulation and phase focusing (1938-1939) led to a clear picture of important phenomena as well as to powerful microwave devices. Insight and performance were extended by the traveling-wave tube and the wave analysis of its behavior (1946-1947). This led to explorations in terms of the behavior of coupled circuits (1951, 1954) and negative-energy waves (1951). Backward-wave oscillators provided further understanding and a new tool (1952-1953). This background of understanding which grew up concerning microwave tubes led to analysis of and improvement in noise behavior (1950-1959). Finally, the invention of the parametric amplifier led to very-low-noise microwave tubes (1959-1961). Crossed-field tubes have always been highly effective but difficult to analyze and design. Nonetheless, useful high-power amplifiers and oscillators have been built.
Starting Page	978
Ending Page	984
Page Count	7
File Size	1863893
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00968390
Volume Number	50
Issue Number	5
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1962-05-01
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	The Institute of Radio Engineers, Inc. (IRE)
Subject Keyword	History Art Microwave devices Microwave oscillators Electron tubes Radio frequency Light emitting diodes Equations Klystrons Phase modulation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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