NDLI: Automatic Location of Facial Feature Points and Synthesis of Facial Sketches Using Direct Combined Model

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ching-Ting Tu Lien, J.-J.J.
Copyright Year	1996
Abstract	Automatically locating multiple feature points (i.e., the shape) in a facial image and then synthesizing the corresponding facial sketch are highly challenging since facial images typically exhibit a wide range of poses, expressions, and scales, and have differing degrees of illumination and/or occlusion. When the facial sketches are to be synthesized in the unique sketching style of a particular artist, the problem becomes even more complex. To resolve these problems, this paper develops an automatic facial sketch synthesis system based on a novel direct combined model (DCM) algorithm. The proposed system executes three cascaded procedures, namely, (1) synthesis of the facial shape from the input texture information (i.e., the facial image); (2) synthesis of the exaggerated facial shape from the synthesized facial shape; and (3) synthesis of a sketch from the original input image and the synthesized exaggerated shape. Previous proposals for reconstructing facial shapes and synthesizing the corresponding facial sketches are heavily reliant on the quality of the texture reconstruction results, which, in turn, are highly sensitive to occlusion and lighting effects in the input image. However, the DCM approach proposed in this paper accurately reconstructs the facial shape and then produces lifelike synthesized facial sketches without the need to recover occluded feature points or to restore the texture information lost as a result of unfavorable lighting conditions. Moreover, the DCM approach is capable of synthesizing facial sketches from input images with a wide variety of facial poses, gaze directions, and facial expressions even when such images are not included within the original training data set.
Page Count	12
File Size	1553597
Starting Page	1158
Ending Page	1169
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10834419
Volume Number	40
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2010-08-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Facial features Shape Face detection Face recognition Image reconstruction Computer vision Application software Lighting Proposals Image restoration statistical image models Active appearance models eigenface face sketch synthesis image processing and computer vision
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Control and Systems Engineering Information Systems Electrical and Electronic Engineering Human-Computer Interaction Computer Science Applications Software

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