NDLI: Quantifying Bird Density During Migratory Stopover Using Weather Surveillance Radar

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Buler, J.J. Diehl, R.H.
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	Increasingly, data from weather surveillance radars are being used by biologists investigating the ecology and behavior of birds, insects, and bats in the aerosphere. Unfortunately, these radars quantify echoes caused by layered biological targets such as migrating birds in a manner that introduces bias in radar measures. We investigated the performance of a bias-adjustment algorithm that adjusts radar measures for vertical variation of reflectivity, nonstandard beam refraction, and spatial displacement of radar targets. We evaluated the efficacies of four variations of this algorithm by their ability to increase correspondence between radar reflectivity measured at two weather radar sites and the ground density of migrating birds measured during two autumn seasons and two spring seasons among 24 hardwood forest sites along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico. The algorithm integrated close-range reflectivity data from the five lowest elevation angle sweeps to derive high-resolution vertical profiles of reflectivity (VPRs) that closely corresponded to the observed vertical target density profiles based on a vertically oriented portable radar. The radar reflectivity of birds aloft near the onset of migratory flight was positively correlated with the bird density on the ground. All four radar data adjustment schemes that we tested produced significant improvement in the accuracy of bird density estimates relative to unadjusted radar data. In general, adjusting reflectivity based solely on the VPRs derived using observed refractive conditions yielded the most accurate radar-based estimates of bird density.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	2741
Ending Page	2751
Page Count	11
File Size	719771
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	47
Issue Number	8
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2009-08-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Birds Meteorological radar Reflectivity Radar measurements Density measurement Environmental factors Insects Displacement measurement Springs Testing refractivity Algorithms animals correlation Doppler radar radar data processing
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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