NDLI: Robust Multiplicative Patchwork Method for Audio Watermarking

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kalantari, N.K. Akhaee, M.A. Ahadi, S.M. Amindavar, H.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	This paper presents a Multiplicative Patchwork Method (MPM) for audio watermarking. The watermark signal is embedded by selecting two subsets of the host signal features and modifying one subset multiplicatively regarding the watermark data, whereas another subset is left unchanged. The method is implemented in wavelet domain and approximation coefficients are used to embed data. In order to have an error-free detection, the watermark data is inserted only in the frames where the ratio of the energy of subsets is between two predefined values. Also in order to control the inaudibility of watermark insertion, we use an iterative algorithm to reach a desired quality for the watermarked audio signal. The quality of watermarked signal is evaluated in each iteration using Perceptual Evaluation of Audio Quality (PEAQ) method. The probability of error is also derived for the watermarking scheme and simulation results prove the validity of the analytical derivations. Simulation results show that MPM is robust against various common attacks such as noise addition, filtering, echo, MP3 compression, etc. In comparison to the original patchwork method and its modified versions, and some recent methods, MPM provides more robustness and inaudibility of the watermark insertion.
Sponsorship	IEEE Signal Processing Society
Starting Page	1133
Ending Page	1141
Page Count	9
File Size	592882
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15587916
Volume Number	17
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2009-08-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Watermarking Noise robustness Filtering Data mining Decoding Wavelet domain Iterative algorithms Analytical models Digital audio players Wavelet transforms ratio distribution Discrete wavelet transform digital watermarking multiplicative patchwork method (MPM)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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