NDLI: Assessment of Recent Short-Term Water-Level Fluctuations in Caspian Sea Using Topex/Poseidon

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Ozyavas, A. Khan, S.D.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	The Caspian Sea (CS) has long been the focus of an interest due to its large water-level fluctuations. The primary factors of the CS water-level variations have usually been deemed to changes in climatic parameters. The climate-induced changes particularly in precipitation over the Volga River catchment and evaporation over CS mainly affect the CS level (CSL). We constructed extended and refined TOPEX/Poseidon time series to compute temporal mean water-level fluctuations from December 1992 to August 2005 over CS using the new gravity recovery and climate experiment orbits data, new sea state bias model, and TOPEX microwave radiometer drift correction. Four distinct phases in water-level variations are observed: a significant water-level rise between 1993 and mid-1995 followed by an abrupt decline from mid-1995 to summer 1997, then relatively modest decrease until mid-2002 and rise from summer 2002 onward. The analysis of water budget parameters favors the recent understanding that Volga River discharge in conjunction with evaporation over CS are the two main components controlling water-level fluctuations of CS. Volga River discharge positively correlates with CS water-level rise and drop from 1993 to 1997 and in 1999, respectively. Evaporation should dominate over the Volga River runoff and primarily controls CSL fluctuations after 1997 through 2003. Additionally, we find that anthropogenic factors are insufficient to affect water-level oscillations except for reservoir development or demolition, and water-level changes during 13-year time series are temporary variations.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
Starting Page	720
Ending Page	724
Page Count	5
File Size	537378
File Format	PDF
ISSN	1545598X
Volume Number	5
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2008-10-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Fluctuations Rivers Altimetry Satellites Lakes Sea surface Sea measurements Reservoirs Sea level Tides radar altimetry Hydrology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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