NDLI: Brain–Computer Communication: Motivation, Aim, and Impact of Exploring a Virtual Apartment

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Leeb, R. Lee, F. Keinrath, C. Scherer, R. Bischof, H. Pfurtscheller, G.
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	The step away from a synchronized or cue-based brain-computer interface (BCI) and from laboratory conditions towards real world applications is very important and crucial in BCI research. This work shows that ten naive subjects can be trained in a synchronous paradigm within three sessions to navigate freely through a virtual apartment, whereby at every junction the subjects could decide by their own, how they wanted to explore the virtual environment (VE). This virtual apartment was designed similar to a real world application, with a goal-oriented task, a high mental workload, and a variable decision period for the subject. All subjects were able to perform long and stable motor imagery over a minimum time of 2 s. Using only three electroencephalogram (EEG) channels to analyze these imaginations, we were able to convert them into navigation commands. Additionally, it could be demonstrated that motivation is a very crucial factor in BCI research; motivated subjects perform much better than unmotivated ones.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
Page Count	10
File Size	1560058
Starting Page	473
Ending Page	482
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15344320
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2007-12-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Electroencephalography Neurofeedback Synchronous motors Virtual reality Laboratories Navigation Virtual environment Image analysis Brain Communication system control virtual reality (VR) Brain–computer interface (BCI) electroencephalogram (EEG) motivation motor imagery navigation neutral cue virtual environment (VE) Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) electroen-cephalogram (EEG)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Rehabilitation Internal Medicine Biomedical Engineering Computer Science Applications

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