NDLI: A Review of the Polarization-Nulling Technique for Monitoring Optical-Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Dynamic WDM Networks

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Lee, J.H. Choi, H.Y. Shin, S.K. Chung, Y.C.
Copyright Year	1983
Abstract	The polarization-nulling technique utilizes the different properties of optical signal and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise for accurate monitoring of the optical-signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) in dynamic optical networks. However, the performance of this technique is bound to be deteriorated if the signal is depolarized by polarization-mode dispersion and/or nonlinear birefringence or the ASE noise is partially polarized due to polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in the transmission link. The authors analyze these effects on the performance of the polarization-nulling technique and introduce several techniques to overcome these problems. These improved versions of the polarization-nulling techniques could monitor the OSNR with accuracy of better than plusmn1 dB, even when the differential group delay is as large as 60 ps. These techniques could also negate the effect of the signal depolarization caused by nonlinear birefringence in a highly nonlinear transmission link. The effect of the partially polarized ASE noise due to PDL is found to be not severe in most cases, as long as the PDL/span is smaller than 0.2 dB. To verify the possibility of using the polarization-nulling technique in real systems, the OSNR of the wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) signals transmitted through a 120-km-long aerial fiber link is measured for one week. No significant degradation in the monitoring accuracy is observed during this long-term measurement. In addition, the performance of the polarization-nulling technique in an ultralong-haul transmission link is evaluated by using a 640-km-long recirculating loop. The results show that this technique could accurately measure the OSNR in the transmission link longer than 3200 km. From these results, the authors conclude that the polarization-nulling technique is well suited for monitoring the OSNR in dynamic WDM networks
Sponsorship	IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Optical Society of America
Starting Page	4162
Ending Page	4171
Page Count	10
File Size	480928
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07338724
Volume Number	24
Issue Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-11-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Optical polarization Monitoring Optical fiber networks WDM networks Optical noise Signal to noise ratio Fiber nonlinear optics Nonlinear optics Stimulated emission Page description languages polarization-nulling technique Dynamic optical network nonlinear birefringence optical performance monitoring (OPM) optical-signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) polarization-dependent loss (PDL) polarization fluctuation polarization-mode dispersion (PMD)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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