NDLI: Fast maximum intensity projections of large medical data sets by exploiting hierarchical memory architectures

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kiefer, G. Lehmann, H. Weese, J.
Copyright Year	1997
Abstract	Maximum intensity projections (MIPs) are an important visualization technique for angiographic data sets. Efficient data inspection requires frame rates of at least five frames per second at preserved image quality. Despite the advances in computer technology, this task remains a challenge. On the one hand, the sizes of computed tomography and magnetic resonance images are increasing rapidly. On the other hand, rendering algorithms do not automatically benefit from the advances in processor technology, especially for large data sets. This is due to the faster evolving processing power and the slower evolving memory access speed, which is bridged by hierarchical cache memory architectures. In this paper, we investigate memory access optimization methods and use them for generating MIPs on general-purpose central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs), respectively. These methods can work on any level of the memory hierarchy, and we show that properly combined methods can optimize memory access on multiple levels of the hierarchy at the same time. We present performance measurements to compare different algorithm variants and illustrate the influence of the respective techniques. On current hardware, the efficient handling of the memory hierarchy for CPUs improves the rendering performance by a factor of 3 to 4. On GPUs, we observed that the effect is even larger, especially for large data sets. The methods can easily be adjusted to different hardware specifics, although their impact can vary considerably. They can also be used for other rendering techniques than MIPs, and their use for more general image processing task could be investigated in the future
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Computer Society
Page Count	10
File Size	504879
Starting Page	385
Ending Page	394
File Format	PDF
ISSN	10897771
Volume Number	10
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-04-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Memory architecture Rendering (computer graphics) Optimization methods Hardware Biomedical imaging Data visualization Inspection Image quality Computed tomography Magnetic resonance volume visualization Computer architecture graphic accelerators large data set handling maximum intensity projection (MIP)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Science Applications Biotechnology

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3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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