NDLI: Scatter Correction Method for X-Ray CT Using Primary Modulation: Theory and Preliminary Results

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Lei Zhu Bennett, N.R. Fahrig, R.
Copyright Year	1982
Abstract	An X-ray system with a large area detector has high scatter-to-primary ratios (SPRs), which result in severe artifacts in reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images. A scatter correction algorithm is introduced that provides effective scatter correction but does not require additional patient exposure. The key hypothesis of the algorithm is that the high-frequency components of the X-ray spatial distribution do not result in strong high-frequency signals in the scatter. A calibration sheet with a checkerboard pattern of semitransparent blockers (a "primary modulator") is inserted between the X-ray source and the object. The primary distribution is partially modulated by a high-frequency function, while the scatter distribution still has dominant low-frequency components, based on the hypothesis. Filtering and demodulation techniques suffice to extract the low-frequency components of the primary and hence obtain the scatter estimation. The hypothesis was validated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, and the algorithm was evaluated by both MC simulations and physical experiments. Reconstructions of a software humanoid phantom suggested system parameters in the physical implementation and showed that the proposed method reduced the relative mean square error of the reconstructed image in the central region of interest from 74.2% to below 1%. In preliminary physical experiments on the standard evaluation phantom, this error was reduced from 31.8% to 2.3%, and it was also demonstrated that the algorithm has no noticeable impact on the resolution of the reconstructed image in spite of the filter-based approach. Although the proposed scatter correction technique was implemented for X-ray CT, it can also be used in other X-ray imaging applications, as long as a primary modulator can be inserted between the X-ray source and the imaged object
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society IEEE Signal Processing Society IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society
Page Count	15
File Size	3640128
Starting Page	1573
Ending Page	1587
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02780062
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-12-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	X-ray scattering X-ray imaging Computed tomography Image reconstruction Imaging phantoms X-ray detection X-ray detectors Calibration Filtering Demodulation X-ray scatter Cone-beam CT primary modulation scatter correction
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Science Applications Radiological and Ultrasound Technology Software

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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