NDLI: Brightness Temperatures of Snow Melting/Refreezing Cycles: Observations and Modeling Using a Multilayer Dense Medium Theory-Based Model

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Tedesco, M. Kim, E.J. England, A.W. De Roo, R.D. Hardy, J.P.
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	The ability of electromagnetic models to accurately predict microwave emission of a snowpack is complicated by the need to account for, among other things, nonindependent scattering by closely packed snow grains, stratigraphic variations, and the occurrence of wet snow. A multilayer dense medium model can account for the first two effects. While microwave remote sensing is well known to be capable of binary wet/dry discrimination, the ability to model brightness as a function of wetness opens up the possibility of ultimately retrieving a percentage wetness value during such hydrologically significant melting conditions. In this paper, the first application of a multilayer dense medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT) model is proposed to simulate emission from both wet and dry snow during melting and refreezing cycles. Wet snow is modeled as a mixture of ice particles surrounded by a thin film of water embedded in an air background. Melting/refreezing cycles are studied by means of brightness temperatures at 6.7, 19, and 37 GHz recorded by the University of Michigan Truck-Mounted Radiometer System at the Local Scale Observation Site during the Cold Land Processes Experiment-1 in March 2003. Input parameters to the DMRT model are obtained from snow pit measurements carried out in conjunction with the microwave observations. The comparisons between simulated and measured brightness temperatures show that the electromagnetic model is able to reproduce the brightness temperatures with an average percentage error of 3% (~8 K) and a maximum relative percentage error of around 8% (~20 K)
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	3563
Ending Page	3573
Page Count	11
File Size	1339884
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	44
Issue Number	12
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-12-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Brightness temperature Snow Nonhomogeneous media Electromagnetic modeling Electromagnetic measurements Electromagnetic scattering Particle scattering Remote sensing Ice Transistors wet snow Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) dense medium theory microwave emission microwave radiometry remote sensing snow
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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