NDLI: Prosody conversion from neutral speech to emotional speech

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Jianhua Tao Yongguo Kang Aijun Li
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	Emotion is an important element in expressive speech synthesis. Unlike traditional discrete emotion simulations, this paper attempts to synthesize emotional speech by using "strong", "medium", and "weak" classifications. This paper tests different models, a linear modification model (LMM), a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and a classification and regression tree (CART) model. The linear modification model makes direct modification of sentence F0 contours and syllabic durations from acoustic distributions of emotional speech, such as, F0 topline, F0 baseline, durations, and intensities. Further analysis shows that emotional speech is also related to stress and linguistic information. Unlike the linear modification method, the GMM and CART models try to map the subtle prosody distributions between neutral and emotional speech. While the GMM just uses the features, the CART model integrates linguistic features into the mapping. A pitch target model which is optimized to describe Mandarin F0 contours is also introduced. For all conversion methods, a deviation of perceived expressiveness (DPE) measure is created to evaluate the expressiveness of the output speech. The results show that the LMM gives the worst results among the three methods. The GMM method is more suitable for a small training set, while the CART method gives the better emotional speech output if trained with a large context-balanced corpus. The methods discussed in this paper indicate ways to generate emotional speech in speech synthesis. The objective and subjective evaluation processes are also analyzed. These results support the use of a neutral semantic content text in databases for emotional speech synthesis
Sponsorship	IEEE Signal Processing Society
Starting Page	1145
Ending Page	1154
Page Count	10
File Size	570954
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15587916
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-07-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Speech synthesis Speech analysis Speech processing Acoustic testing Classification tree analysis Regression tree analysis Information analysis Stress Spatial databases Jitter speech synthesis Emotional speech prosody analysis
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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