NDLI: Low bit-rate voice compression based on frequency domain interpolative techniques

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Bhaskar, U. Swaminathan, K.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	This paper presents an approach, referred to as frequency domain interpolation (FDI), for achieving high-quality speech at low bit-rates (4 kb/s and below) within reasonable complexity and delay. FDI methods, like the prototype waveform interpolation (PWI) methods, derive a prototype waveform (PW) at regular intervals of time. But, unlike PWI, there is no separation into a slowly evolving waveform (SEW) and a rapidly evolving waveform (REW) component. Instead, the PW is encoded after gain normalization in magnitude-phase form. The magnitude is modeled as a sum of mean and deviation values in multiple frequency bands and this model is quantized using switched backward adaptive VQ techniques. The phase information is represented as a composite vector of PW correlations in multiple frequency bands and an overall voicing measure. This information is quantized using a VQ at the encoder. At the decoder, a phase model is employed that uses the received phase (and magnitude) information to reproduce PWs with the correct periodicity and evolutionary characteristics. Speech is synthesized by interpolating the reconstructed PWs after gain adjustment and filtering it using the short-term predictor and a postfilter. The design of a 4-kb/s and a 2.4-kb/s FDI codec are presented in this paper and their performance is characterized in terms of delay, complexity, and subjective voice quality. The results confirm that FDI techniques have the potential for delivering high-quality speech at low bit-rates in a cost-effective manner.
Sponsorship	IEEE Signal Processing Society
Starting Page	558
Ending Page	576
Page Count	19
File Size	543702
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15587916
Volume Number	14
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2006-03-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Frequency domain analysis Fault detection Interpolation Delay Prototypes Speech synthesis Frequency measurement Phase measurement Decoding Filtering voice coding Frequency domain interpolation (FDI) linear prediction prototype waveform interpolation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Acoustics and Ultrasonics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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