NDLI: Current measurements by SAR along-track interferometry from a Space Shuttle

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Romeiser, R. Breit, H. Eineder, M. Runge, H. Flament, P. Karin de Jong Vogelzang, J.
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	We present one of the first studies on ocean current retrievals from interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data acquired during the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) in February 2000. The InSAR system of SRTM was designed for high-resolution topographic mapping of the Earth's land surfaces, using two SAR antennas on a Space Shuttle with a cross-track separation of 60 m. An additional along-track antenna separation of 7 m resulted in an effective time lag of about 0.5 ms between the two images, which could theoretically be exploited for target velocity retrievals. However, the feasibility of ocean current measurements with SRTM has been questionable, since the time lag was much shorter than the theoretical optimum (about 3 ms at X-band) and the signal-to-noise ratio over water was quite low. Nevertheless, some X-band InSAR images of coastal areas exhibit clear signatures of tidal flow patterns. As an example, we discuss an image of the Dutch Wadden Sea. We convert the InSAR data into a line-of-sight current field, which is then compared with results of the numerical circulation model KUSTWAD. For tidal phases close to the conditions at the time of the SRTM overpass; we obtain correlation coefficients of up to 0.6 and rms differences on the order of 0.2 m/s. Furthermore we find that SRTM resolves current variations down to spatial scales on the order of 1 km. This is consistent with predictions of a numerical InSAR imaging model. Remaining differences between SRTM- and KUSTWAD-derived currents can be attributed mainly to residual motion errors in the SRTM data as well as to a limited representation of the conditions at the time of the SRTM overpass in the available KUSTWAD results.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	2315
Ending Page	2324
Page Count	10
File Size	1580940
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2005-10-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Current measurement Space shuttles Synthetic aperture radar interferometry Oceans Numerical models Information retrieval Radar antennas Synthetic aperture radar Surfaces Earth Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Current measurements interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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