NDLI: Comparisons of high-frequency acoustic fluctuations with ocean-temperature and sea-surface fluctuations in shallow water

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Meredith, R.W. Stanic, S.J. Goodman, R.R. Kennedy, E.T. Pace, N.G.
Copyright Year	1976
Abstract	Dynamic ocean processes produce small thermal variations that induce spatial and temporal variability in the ocean's index of refraction and in the spatial scale along an acoustic propagation path. This paper reports measurements and analysis of thermal microstructure effects on ping-to-ping amplitude and phase variability of shallow-water direct-path acoustic propagation in the 20-200 kHz frequency range. These measurements were conducted during a joint experiment conducted by the Naval Research Laboratory and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Supreme Allied Commander Atlantic (SACLANT) Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy, in 8 m of water off American Beach, located between Pisa and Livorno, Italy. Experimental observations are compared with predictions for isotropic and anisotropic turbulence, as well as for sea-surface swell. Measured phase and log-amplitude variances coincide with predictions and are relatively insensitive to weak water-column stability. The sea-surface swell dominates phase variances for this data and turbulence dominates log-amplitude variances. These results provide a reasonable lower limit on high-frequency ping-to-ping amplitude and on phase variability produced by benign shallow-water thermal fluctuations.
Sponsorship	IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society
Starting Page	524
Ending Page	533
Page Count	10
File Size	496775
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03649059
Volume Number	29
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2004-04-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Fluctuations Sea measurements Oceans Acoustic propagation Acoustic measurements Phase measurement Acoustic refraction Frequency measurement Microstructure Anisotropic magnetoresistance
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ocean Engineering Mechanical Engineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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