NDLI: A CMOS photodiode array with in-pixel data acquisition system for computed tomography

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Steadman, R. Serrano, F.M. Vogtmeier, G. Kemna, A. Oezkan, E. Brockherde, W. Hosticka, B.J.
Copyright Year	1966
Abstract	A CMOS photodetector array with in-pixel electronics has been developed for computed tomography (CT) applications. Current CT detectors are based on two discrete components: a photodiode array and a data acquisition system (amplifier). Both elements have to fulfill a series of severe requirements. CT scanners are moving toward larger detectors and higher speed, and yet lowering costs and improving performance. This contribution relates to the integration of both elements into a standard CMOS process to fulfill future CT scanner specifications and for a cost-effective solution. A series of limitations have been overcome to integrate both the photodiode and a charge-sensing amplifier at pixel level. In order to balance the limited responsivity of standard CMOS photodiodes, a new low-capacitance device has been devised so that low-noise design is possible while providing enough gain in the amplifier. Since a good geometric detective quantum efficiency is desired (>60%), the available area for electronics is very limited. In order to achieve a necessary dynamic range of 17 bits in such reduced area, a single-stage amplifier with automatic gain-switching has been devised. Consisting of a 10/spl times/20 pixel array, in-pixel electronics has been designed to achieve a quantum limited system under CT operating conditions.
Sponsorship	IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society IEEE Electron Devices Society IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Japan Society of Applied Physics (JSAP) IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society IEEE San Francisco Section Bay Area Council Univ. PA IEEE
Starting Page	1034
Ending Page	1043
Page Count	10
File Size	646303
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189200
Volume Number	39
Issue Number	7
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2004-07-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Photodiodes Data acquisition Computed tomography Detectors Photodetectors Sensor arrays Costs CMOS process Low-noise amplifiers Dynamic range
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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