NDLI: Near-field scanner for the detection of passive intermodulation sources in base station antennas

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Hienonen, S. Golikov, V. Vainikainen, P. Raisanen, A.V.
Copyright Year	1964
Abstract	Passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion is a challenging problem in the design and manufacturing of base station antennas. Small nonlinearities, typically in junctions, may cause a distortion signal that interferes with the receiver even with a level of -155 dBc in a GSM900 system. The PIM level specification of an outdoor base station antenna is difficult to achieve and the sources of PIM generation are laborious to track down. In this paper, a near-field measurement method is presented to localize and investigate passive intermodulation sources in antennas and open transmission lines. The principle of the PIM near-field measurement is otherwise the same as in a common reactive near-field measurement, but instead of measuring the signal at the input frequency, the signal amplitude and phase at the PIM frequency of interest are acquired. The constructed measurement system is capable of measuring PIM signal levels down to -110 dBm with 2/spl times/43 dBm transmit power in the GSM900 frequency band. As demonstration measurements, PIM sources in a two-element base station antenna and in a microstrip line are localized.
Sponsorship	IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society
Starting Page	661
Ending Page	667
Page Count	7
File Size	835282
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189375
Volume Number	46
Issue Number	4
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2004-11-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Intermodulation distortion Antenna measurements Interference Land mobile radio cellular systems sensitivity Base station antenna near-field measurement passive intermodulation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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