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Content Provider | IEEE Xplore Digital Library |
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Author | Trappe, W. Min Wu Wang, Z.J. Liu, K.J.R. |
Copyright Year | 1991 |
Abstract | Digital fingerprinting is a technique for identifying users who use multimedia content for unintended purposes, such as redistribution. These fingerprints are typically embedded into the content using watermarking techniques that are designed to be robust to a variety of attacks. A cost-effective attack against such digital fingerprints is collusion, where several differently marked copies of the same content are combined to disrupt the underlying fingerprints. We investigate the problem of designing fingerprints that can withstand collusion and allow for the identification of colluders. We begin by introducing the collusion problem for additive embedding. We then study the effect that averaging collusion has on orthogonal modulation. We introduce a tree-structured detection algorithm for identifying the fingerprints associated with K colluders that requires O(Klog(n/K)) correlations for a group of n users. We next develop a fingerprinting scheme based on code modulation that does not require as many basis signals as orthogonal modulation. We propose a new class of codes, called anti-collusion codes (ACCs), which have the property that the composition of any subset of K or fewer codevectors is unique. Using this property, we can therefore identify groups of K or fewer colluders. We present a construction of binary-valued ACC under the logical AND operation that uses the theory of combinatorial designs and is suitable for both the on-off keying and antipodal form of binary code modulation. In order to accommodate n users, our code construction requires only O(/spl radic/n) orthogonal signals for a given number of colluders. We introduce three different detection strategies that can be used with our ACC for identifying a suspect set of colluders. We demonstrate the performance of our ACC for fingerprinting multimedia and identifying colluders through experiments using Gaussian signals and real images. |
Sponsorship | IEEE Signal Processing Society |
Starting Page | 1069 |
Ending Page | 1087 |
Page Count | 19 |
File Size | 2096216 |
File Format | |
ISSN | 1053587X |
Volume Number | 51 |
Issue Number | 4 |
Language | English |
Publisher | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
Publisher Date | 2003-04-01 |
Publisher Place | U.S.A. |
Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
Rights Holder | Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
Subject Keyword | Fingerprint recognition Watermarking Robustness Modulation coding Protection Laboratories Detection algorithms Modular construction Binary codes Signal processing |
Content Type | Text |
Resource Type | Article |
Subject | Signal Processing Electrical and Electronic Engineering |
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