NDLI: 1.49-/spl mu/m-band gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifier for WDM transmission systems

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Kasamatsu, T. Yano, Y. Ono, T.
Copyright Year	1983
Abstract	This paper describes in detail the amplification characteristics of gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (GS-TDFAs) operating in the 1480to 1510-nm wavelength region (1.49-/spl mu/m S-band) for use in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) systems. Gain shifting of a TDFA, which normally has a gain band at 1.47 /spl mu/m (S/sup +/-band), is achieved by two types of dual-wavelength pumping: (1) 1.05 and 1.56 /spl mu/m or (2) 1.4 and 1.56 /spl mu/m. The main pump source at 1.05 or 1.4 /spl mu/m creates population inversion between /sup 3/F/sub 4/ (upper laser level) and /sup 3/H/sub 4/ (lower laser level), while the auxiliary pump source at 1.56 /spl mu/m reduces the average fractional inversion down to approximately 0.4, which is a desired level for gain shifting. We show experimentally that the former provides a low internal noise figure (<4 dB) due to high fractional inversion at the input end of a thulium fiber, while the latter provides a very high optical efficiency but a higher internal noise figure (/spl sim/5 dB) due to the lower fractional inversion at the input end. These characteristics were verified by numerical simulation based on a comprehensive rate equation modeling. We demonstrated a 1.4- and 1.56-/spl mu/m laser-diode-pumped GS-TDFA with an optical efficiency of 29.3% and high output power of +21.5 dBm. Gain flatness and tilt control were also investigated. These results strongly confirm the feasibility of using GS-TDFAs in practical ultralarge-capacity WDM networks.
Sponsorship	IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Optical Society of America
Starting Page	1826
Ending Page	1838
Page Count	13
File Size	621573
File Format	PDF
ISSN	07338724
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	10
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2002-10-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Wavelength division multiplexing Optical fiber amplifiers Laser excitation Pump lasers Laser noise Noise figure Optical noise Optical pumping Numerical simulation Equations
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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