NDLI: Microwave emission of rough ocean surfaces with full spatial spectrum based on the multilevel expansion method

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Shu-Qing Li Chi Hou Chan Leung Tsang Lin Zhou
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	Microwave emission of ocean surfaces with full spatial spectrum is studied in this paper. For ocean surfaces with full spectrum, the rms height of roughness can be many wavelengths, and the surface size must be chosen to be larger than the longest scale wave in the spectrum. Due to computer resources, it is not straightforward to conduct numerical simulations of emission from rough surfaces with large rms height and size since a large number of unknowns will be involved. In this paper, the multilevel expansion of the sparse matrix canonical grid (SMCG) method, which is available for surfaces with large rms heights, is used to study the emission of one-dimensional (1-D) ocean surfaces. The computational complexity and the memory requirement are still on the order of O(N log (N)) and O (N), respectively, as in the SMCG method. Ocean surfaces with size 1024 wavelengths (21.9 m at 14 GHz) and spatial spectrum bandwidth between 0.858 rads/m (corresponding to the longest scale of 341.3 wavelengths) and 4691.5 rads/m (corresponding to the shortest scale of 1/16 wavelengths), which is rather wide to be regarded as a full spectrum, are studied. The maximum of the electromagnetic wavenumber-surface rms height product is up to 25.18. The surface is modeled as a lossy dielectric surface with large relative permittivity rather than as a perfectly conducting surface, which is often adopted as an approximation in the active remote sensing of ocean surfaces. A relatively high sampling density is used to ensure accuracy. The effects of the low and high portions of the spectrum on the emissivity are studied numerically. Monte Carlo simulation for ocean surfaces is also performed by exploiting the efficiency of the multilevel expansion method and the use of parallel computing techniques. The convergence of the results with respect to the sampling density is also illustrated.
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	574
Ending Page	582
Page Count	9
File Size	364204
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	40
Issue Number	3
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2002-03-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Oceans Rough surfaces Surface roughness Sea surface Surface waves Dielectric losses Sampling methods Numerical simulation Sparse matrices Computational complexity
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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