NDLI: Requirements, bottlenecks, and good fortune: agents for microprocessor evolution

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Patt, Y.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	The first microprocessor the Intel 4004, showed up in 1971. It contained 2300 transistors and operated at a clockfrequency of 108 kHz. Today, 30 years later the microprocessor contains almost 200 million transistors, operating at a frequency of more than 1 GHz. In five years, those numbers are expected to grow to more than a billion transistors on a single chip, operating at a clockfrequency of from 6 to 10 GHz. The evolution of the microprocessor from where it started in 1971 to where it is today and where it is likely to be in five years, has come about because of several contributing forces. Our position is that this evolution did not just happen, that each step forward came as a result of one of three things, and always within the context of a computer architect making tradeoffs. The three things are: 1) new requirements; 2) bottlenecks; and 3) good fortune. I call them collectively agents for evolution. This article attempts to do three things: describe a basic framework for the field of microprocessors, show some of the important developments that have come along in the 30 years since the arrival of the first microprocessor and finally, suggest some of the new things you can expect to see in a high-performance microprocessor in the next five years.
Sponsorship	IEEE Publication
Starting Page	1553
Ending Page	1559
Page Count	7
File Size	80516
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189219
Volume Number	89
Issue Number	11
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2001-11-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Microprocessors Natural languages Electrons Instruction sets Clocks Computer architecture Hardware Consumer electronics Hip Read only memory
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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