NDLI: Fully embedded board-level guided-wave optoelectronic interconnects

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Chen, R.T. Lei Lin Chulchae Choi Liu, Y.J. Bihari, B. Wu, L. Tang, S. Wickman, R. Picor, B. Hibb-Brenner, M.K. Bristow, J. Liu, Y.S.
Copyright Year	1963
Abstract	A fully embedded board-level guided-wave optical interconnection is presented to solve the packaging compatibility problem. All elements involved in providing high-speed optical communications within one board are demonstrated. Experimental results on a 12-channel linear array of thin-film polyimide waveguides, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) (42 /spl mu/m), and silicon MSM photodetectors (10 /spl mu/m) suitable for a fully embedded implementation are provided. Two types of waveguide couplers, titled gratings and 45/spl deg/ total internal reflection mirrors, are fabricated within the polyimide waveguides. Thirty-five to near 100% coupling efficiencies are experimentally confirmed. By doing so, all the real estate of the PC board surface are occupied by electronics, and therefore one only observes the performance enhancement due to the employment of optical interconnection but does not worry about the interface problem between electronic and optoelectronic components unlike conventional approaches. A high speed 1-48 optical clock signal distribution network for Cray T-90 super computer is demonstrated. A waveguide propagation loss of 0.21 dB/cm at 850 nm was experimentally confirmed for the 1-48 clock signal distribution and for point-to-point interconnects. The feasibility of using polyimide as the interlayer dielectric material to form hybrid three-dimensional interconnects is also demonstrated. Finally, a waveguide bus architecture is presented, which provides a realistic bidirectional broadcasting transmission of optical signals. Such a structure is equivalent to such IEEE standard bus protocols as VME bus and FutureBus.
Sponsorship	IEEE Publication
Starting Page	780
Ending Page	793
Page Count	14
File Size	1341222
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00189219
Volume Number	88
Issue Number	6
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	2000-06-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Optical waveguides Optical interconnections Arrayed waveguide gratings Polyimides Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers Optical surface waves High speed optical techniques Clocks Packaging Optical fiber communication
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Computer Science Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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