NDLI: Perception of temporally filtered X-ray fluoroscopy images

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Wilson, D.L. Jabri, K.N. Aufrichtig, R.
Copyright Year	1982
Abstract	For noisy X-ray fluoroscopy image sequences the authors quantitatively evaluated image quality after digital temporal filtering to reduce noise. Using an experimental paradigm called a reference/test adaptive forced-choice method the authors compared detectability of stationary low-contrast disks in filtered and un-filtered, computer-generated image sequences. In the first experiment, a low-pass first-order recursive filter used in X-ray fluoroscopy was found to be much less effective at enhancing detectability than predicted from the reduction of display noise variance, a common measurement of filter effectiveness. Detectability was reasonably predicted by a nonprewhitening human-observer model (NPW-HVS) that included an independently determined human temporal-contrast-sensitivity function. In another experiment, designed to test models over a range of temporal frequencies, the authors used paired high-pass and low-pass temporal filters that both reduced noise variance by 25%. The high-pass filter was artificially applied to the noise only and greatly improved detectability, while the low-pass filter had little effect. The human-observer model quantitatively described the measurements, but classical prewhitening and nonprewhitening signal detectors did not. As compared to the nonprewhitening, spatio-temporal matched filter, human-observer efficiency was low and variable at 2.1%, 2.9%, and 0.06% for 60 frames of un-filtered low-pass and high-pass noise, respectively. As compared to this detector, humans were not very effective at combining information across frames. On the other hand, signal to noise ratios (SNRs) from the human-observer model were comparable to human performance, and efficiencies were reasonably constant at 40%, 52%, and 32%, respectively. The authors conclude that it is imperative to include human-observer models and experiments in the analysis of noise-reduction filtering of noisy image sequences, such as X-ray fluoroscopy.
Sponsorship	IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society IEEE Signal Processing Society IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society
Page Count	10
File Size	419592
Starting Page	22
Ending Page	31
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02780062
Volume Number	18
Issue Number	1
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	X-ray imaging Noise reduction Low pass filters Image sequences Humans Filtering Testing Detectors Image quality Digital filters
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Electrical and Electronic Engineering Computer Science Applications Radiological and Ultrasound Technology Software

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

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