NDLI: Free and bound capillary waves as microwave scatterers: laboratory studies

Content Provider	IEEE Xplore Digital Library
Author	Rozenberg, A.D. Ritter, M.J. Melville, W.K. Gottschall, C.C. Smirnov, A.V.
Copyright Year	1980
Abstract	Laboratory measurements of the fine space-time structure of short gravity-capillary waves, as well as Ku-band scattering at grazing and moderate incidence from wind waves in the large Delft Hydraulics Laboratory wind-wave channel are presented. This study was stimulated by the need to verify the processes that significantly contribute to scattering at grazing and moderate incidence. A scanning laser slope gauge was used for measuring capillary waves from 2-mm to 2-cm wavelengths and frequencies ranging up to 100 Hz. A dual-polarized (vertical, VV, and horizontal, HH), coherent, pulsed Ku-band scatterometer with good temporal resolution (3 ns) was used to obtain simultaneous Doppler spectra and the absolute cross section of scattered signals for grazing angles 6 and 25/spl deg/ and for winds in the range 2.5-12.5 m/s. Two-dimensional (2D) filtering and bispectral analyses were used to separate and study the influence of free and bound surface waves. The results of this study demonstrate that the frequency-wavenumber spectra of capillary waves consist of two parts. The first corresponds to free capillary waves, which satisfy the dispersion relationship. The second corresponds to bound parasitic capillary waves, which are located near the crests of steep wind waves. The phase velocity of these capillary waves is approximately equal to the phase velocity of the steep waves. Measurements of the Doppler frequency of the scattered signals show that the Doppler spectra also have a bimodal structure. While the first low-frequency part of the spectrum corresponds to the Bragg scattering from the free capillary waves, the highfrequency part is associated with Bragg scattering from the bound capillary waves on the crests of the steep waves. This type of scattering is predominant for the upwind direction of illumination (especially for HH-polarization).
Sponsorship	IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society IEEE URSI
Starting Page	1052
Ending Page	1065
Page Count	14
File Size	930922
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01962892
Volume Number	37
Issue Number	2
Language	English
Publisher	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Publisher Date	1999-03-01
Publisher Place	U.S.A.
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Rights Holder	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subject Keyword	Scattering Laboratories Frequency measurement Pulse measurements Laser modes Wavelength measurement Optical pulses Radar measurements Spaceborne radar Signal resolution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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